About

Research Area

Current Research Interests:

1. Slow-release drug-delivery device (PLGA): Glaucoma filtration surgery is complicated by the development of postoperative fibrosis in the site of filtration, ultimately leading to surgical failure and a rise in intraocular pressure. Mitomycin C (MMC) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) have been historically used to address this post-operative fibrosis in small quantities and with short-lasting results. Our lab has developed a slow-release drug-delivery device using a biodegradable polymer (PLGA) that releases MMC and 5-FU over a period of 30 days to address post-operative fibrosis, postoperative complications (cystic bleb formation), and improved intraocular pressure control following surgery. Previously conducted in vivo studies using a rabbit model show up to a 60% decrease in postoperative fibrosis after Ahmed Glaucoma Valve implantation. Current state: With newly established analytical and quantification methods using mass spectrometry, we are currently working with the US Food and Drug Administration to move into clinical trials.
2. Pan-antimicrobial solution to address corneal infections (betainized polyethyleneimine): The COVID-19 pandemic inspired our leadership to create a novel solution to mitigate viral transmission. We created a novel betainized polyethyleneimine (B-PEI) solution that effectively eliminates viral, bacterial, and fungal infection without toxicity. We hypothesize that the relative positive surface properties exhibited by most pathogens can be utilized by B-PEI-based zwitterion compounds to shield and neutralize infectious contact and potentially mitigate ocular infection. Current state: With completion of in vitro testing, we are shifting towards in vivo testing of B-PEI in both mouse and rabbit bacterial, fungal, and viral keratitis models. 
3. Novel approach to at-home visual field testing using a 20$ off-the-shelf virtual reality head set: Visual field testing is essential in the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of glaucoma. Visual field testing allows us to detect glaucomatous damage, delineating the loss of vision associated with damage to the optic nerve. We can also refine and optimize management strategies by monitoring progression and adjusting management appropriately. Current methods of visual field testing require expensive, complex machinery, limiting access to the populations both in the United States and internationally. With the support of collaborators in the Department of Computer Science, our team has developed a smartphone application to accurately (near 100% accuracy) and efficiently (total testing time of 8-12 minutes) capture patient visual fields, using a 20$ off-the-shelf virtual reality headset and Bluetooth-connected mouse. Our goal is to provide low-cost, accessible visual field testing for patients and clinicians to screen, diagnose, and monitor glaucoma. Current state: We are currently enrolling patients into the clinical trial arm of this study for long-term testing to optimize accuracy and delivery of the application.
4. Continuous intraocular pressure measuring device: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a primary concern in patients with glaucoma. Continuously elevated IOP leads to damage to the optic nerve and presents with vision loss beginning in the periphery. Glaucoma management aims to ensure appropriate IOP control to prevent further optic nerve damage and associated vision loss. However, IOP control can be more complicated than a simple clinical measurement once every three to four months in the clinic. IOP can be dynamic and change over the course of a day, with spikes leading to optic nerve damage. We hope to empower patients by allowing them to routinely check their IOP from home, providing essential data in the management of their personal journey with glaucoma. Current state: With validation of IOP sensor functionality, we are shifting to implantation in rabbit models for in vivo functional assessment.
5. Artificial cornea (keratoprosthesis): As the need for corneal transplants is increasing worldwide, our ophthalmology community struggled to keep up with the demand. Current keratoprostheses present challenges of graft rejection, postoperative infection, and limited availability. Using a biomaterial with established utility in ophthalmology (PMMA), we hope to create a safe and effective method of addressing concerns associated with corneal transplantation. Current state: We have developed the design and approach for our keratoprosthesis and are working towards creating an appropriate 3D printed mold for casting.
6. Revolutionizing approaches to dry eye disease: Dry eye disease is among the most common complaints of patients with regard to their ophthalmic care, leading to decreased quality of life and significant socioeconomic challenges. Current eye drops aim to address dry eye disease by replacing the components of the tear film as a mitigating approach. Our team hopes to develop a novel approach to dry eye disease treatment by incorporating components with established anti-inflammatory properties to address the causes of dry eye and enhance symptomatic control. Current state: We are in the process of formulating an eye drop with all necessary components and our novel approach with anti-inflammatory properties.
7. Developing a novel stem cell complex to support optic nerve regeneration and repair: Optic nerve injury can lead to permanent vision loss and is associated with high morbidity. Current methods for stem cell delivery are inadequate in accessing injured neural tissue in the central nervous system, limiting our ability to treat optic nerve injury. Building upon our lab's expertise in polymer science, we are developing a novel stem cell complex that can be implanted in direct contact with the injured optic nerve to aid in recovery, regeneration, and repair. Current state: With in vitro confirming of our stem cell complex's functionality, we are establishing an appropriate optic nerve injury model in rabbits to test the functional recovery associated with stem cell complex implantation.