Parent-child interaction therapy for a child exposed to kratom and his biological mother in sobriety.

Opioid use during pregnancy is associated with complications for mothers and children. Utilization of an alternative for opioid withdrawal, Kratom, has increased throughout the United States. No existing research examines childhood outcomes after exposure to Kratom in utero, despite the risk for the development of disruptive behaviors. This case study explores the use of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) for a 4-year-old male, who was exposed to Kratom continuously in utero with his mother who is in recovery. The findings illustrate that PCIT effectively mitigated the child’s disruptive behavior, but the response to the parent-directed interaction phase was slower than expected.