Abstract
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) system-based precise genome editing remarkably impacts both scientific investigation and therapeutic practices. Among various techniques, DNA donor-mediated homology-directed repair (HDR) represents a promising method for precise gene editing. Although efficiency constraints have previously limited HDR, recent advancements have significantly enhanced its effectiveness. Therefore, it is essential to highlight the progress made in this field and to reassess the potential of the HDR approach. In this review, we explore the fundamental principles of HDR-dependent gene editing and evaluate current strategies to enhance HDR efficiency, with particular emphasis on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) donor-mediated HDR. Finally, we discuss the prospects of high-efficiency ssDNA donor-mediated precise gene editing in laboratory research and clinical therapies.